BACKGROUND: This report presents population-based estimates of the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI), and Moenckeberg's medial calcinosis (MC) in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From the year 2000 to 2003, a total of 4,814 subjects aged 45-75 years were included in the study. In 30 of the subjects (0.6%), determination of the ankle brachial index (ABI) was not possible, leaving 4,735 subjects (99.4%) in the data set. PAD was considered present in all subjects with an ABI < 0.9 in one leg, and/or a history of prior treatment for PAD. CLI was considered present if the highest ankle artery pressure measured < 70 mmHg. Prevalence of MC was calculated for ABI cut-off values of 1.3 and 1.5. FINDINGS: The overall prevalence of PAD according to the ABI criteria was 6.4% among men and 5.1% among women. After accounting for history of PAD, the prevalence increased to 8.2% among men and 5.5% among women. Taking the ABI criteria and medical history into account, males had a higher prevalence of PAD, with large increases in males aged 65-69 and 70-75 years. Chronic CLI was rare in the investigated population, and was found in only five older subjects (0.1%). With the criterion of ABI > 1.3, about 13.3% of males and 6.9% of females had MC. In contrast to PAD, the prevalence of MC did not increase with age. With the criterion of ABI > 1.5, MC was present in only 1.1% and 0.5% of men and women, respectively, but only 30 (0.6%) subjects had incompressible ankle arteries with a cuff pressure > 260 mmHg. CONCLUSION: Prevalences of PAD based only on ABI generally underestimate the true prevalence of PAD in population-based studies. CLI predominantly affects older subjects. In addition, cut-off values for MC must be newly determined.
BACKGROUND: This report presents population-based estimates of the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI), and Moenckeberg's medial calcinosis (MC) in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From the year 2000 to 2003, a total of 4,814 subjects aged 45-75 years were included in the study. In 30 of the subjects (0.6%), determination of the ankle brachial index (ABI) was not possible, leaving 4,735 subjects (99.4%) in the data set. PAD was considered present in all subjects with an ABI < 0.9 in one leg, and/or a history of prior treatment for PAD. CLI was considered present if the highest ankle artery pressure measured < 70 mmHg. Prevalence of MC was calculated for ABI cut-off values of 1.3 and 1.5. FINDINGS: The overall prevalence of PAD according to the ABI criteria was 6.4% among men and 5.1% among women. After accounting for history of PAD, the prevalence increased to 8.2% among men and 5.5% among women. Taking the ABI criteria and medical history into account, males had a higher prevalence of PAD, with large increases in males aged 65-69 and 70-75 years. Chronic CLI was rare in the investigated population, and was found in only five older subjects (0.1%). With the criterion of ABI > 1.3, about 13.3% of males and 6.9% of females had MC. In contrast to PAD, the prevalence of MC did not increase with age. With the criterion of ABI > 1.5, MC was present in only 1.1% and 0.5% of men and women, respectively, but only 30 (0.6%) subjects had incompressible ankle arteries with a cuff pressure > 260 mmHg. CONCLUSION: Prevalences of PAD based only on ABI generally underestimate the true prevalence of PAD in population-based studies. CLI predominantly affects older subjects. In addition, cut-off values for MC must be newly determined.
Authors: J D Hooi; A D M Kester; H E J H Stoffers; P E L M Rinkens; J A Knottnerus; J W van Ree Journal: J Clin Epidemiol Date: 2004-03 Impact factor: 6.437
Authors: Mary McGrae McDermott; Kiang Liu; Philip Greenland; Jack M Guralnik; Michael H Criqui; Cheeling Chan; William H Pearce; Joseph R Schneider; Luigi Ferrucci; Lillian Celic; Lloyd M Taylor; Ed Vonesh; Gary J Martin; Elizabeth Clark Journal: JAMA Date: 2004-07-28 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: R Syha; D Ketelsen; M Kaempf; S Mangold; S Sixt; T Zeller; F Springer; F Schick; C D Claussen; K Brechtel Journal: Eur Radiol Date: 2012-08-17 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: H I M Kälsch; H Eggebrecht; S Mayringer; T Konorza; B Sievers; S Sack; R Erbel; K Kroeger Journal: Clin Res Cardiol Date: 2007-09-18 Impact factor: 5.460
Authors: Mihaela Ignat; Marius Teletin; Johan Tisserand; Konstantin Khetchoumian; Christine Dennefeld; Pierre Chambon; Régine Losson; Manuel Mark Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2008-02-19 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Raimund Erbel; Stefan Möhlenkamp; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Nils Lehmann; Susanne Moebus; Barbara Hoffmann; Axel Schmermund; Andreas Stang; Johannes Siegrist; Nico Dragano; Dietrich Grönemeyer; Rainer Seibel; Klaus Mann; Martina Bröcker-Preuss; Knut Kröger; Lothar Volbracht Journal: Dtsch Arztebl Int Date: 2008-01-07 Impact factor: 5.594