Fat Metabolism in Higher Plants. XXXVII. Characterization of the beta-Oxidation Systems From Maturing and Germinating Castor Bean Seeds.

In the maturing castor bean seed (Ricinus communis), maximum beta-oxidation appears at 28 days after flowering and in the germinating seed, 4 days after germination. Highest specific activities for both beta-oxidation systems and their component enzymes are associated with cytosomal particles banding at a density of 1.25 g/ml in a sucrose gradient. Substrate specificity studies indicate that of several fatty acids, ricinoleate is oxidized most rapidly by the preparation from the maturing seed (28 days after flowering) while palmitate and linoleate are oxidized most rapidly by extracts obtained from tissue germinated for 4 days. The beta-oxidation activities observed in both systems reflect the expression of activity of at least 3 of the component enzymes, crotonase, beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase and beta-keto-thiolase, which rise and fall co-ordinately. Acyl thiokinase does not appear to play a limiting role in regulating beta-oxidation per se under the conditions employed here.