Wear particles.

Particulate and ionic debris resulting from in vivo degradation of total joint replacement components are recognized as major factors limiting the longevity of the joint reconstruction and the overall success of the procedure. Particulate and ionic wear and corrosion debris have been associated with a locally aggressive biologic response that can lead to synovitis, periprosthetic bone loss, and aseptic loosening of the implants. Furthermore, concerns exist regarding the systemic dissemination of prosthetic debris, including potential effects resulting from end-organ retention. The long-term success of total disc arthroplasty may well depend, at least in part, on the ability to minimize implant debris generation and the subsequent local and systemic response.