The sensorimotor system, part I: the physiologic basis of functional joint stability.

OBJECTIVE: To define the nomenclature and physiologic mechanisms responsible for functional joint stability. DATA SOURCES: Information was drawn from an extensive MEDLINE search of the scientific literature conducted in the areas of proprioception, neuromuscular control, and mechanisms of functional joint stability for the years 1970 through 1999. An emphasis was placed on defining pertinent nomenclature based on the original references. DATA SYNTHESIS: Afferent proprioceptive input is conveyed to all levels of the central nervous system. They serve fundamental roles in optimal motor control and sensorimotor control over functional joint stability. CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATIONS: Sensorimotor control over the dynamic restraints is a complex process that involves components traditionally associated with motor control. Recognizing and understanding the complexities involved will facilitate the continued development and institution of management strategies based on scientific rationales.