The application of isokinetics in testing and rehabilitation of the shoulder complex.

OBJECTIVE: We review the application of isokinetic testing and training for the shoulder complex, the interpretation of isokinetic testing data, and the application of normative data in the rehabilitation and performance enhancement of the athlete. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE for the years 1989- 1999 using the key words "isokinetics," "shoulder," and "upper extremity." DATA SYNTHESIS: Isokinetic testing and training is an integral part of the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of the shoulder complex. This mode of exercise allows for objective, isolated joint testing and training. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: Isokinetic training and testing is an important part of the comprehensive evaluation and rehabilitation of the patient with a shoulder injury. Research has demonstrated its efficacy in training and in providing clinically relevant information regarding muscular performance. When integrated with a complete history, subjective examination, and physical and functional evaluation, isokinetic exercise can be a valuable tool for the clinician in the assessment, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement of the athlete.