Production of two extracellular alkaline phosphatases by a psychrophilic arthrobacter strain.

We surveyed our collection of psychrophilic bacteria to determine the types of phosphatases they produce and whether any had heat-labile activities with potential applications. Assays at different temperatures showed that the activity from one isolate was optimal at 45(deg)C and decreased dramatically above 55(deg)C. This isolate, D10, had the rod-coccus morphological cycle and cell wall amino acids associated with members of the Arthrobacter genus. Interestingly, we found that this strain made two extracellular phosphatases that could be separated by ammonium sulfate fractionation and migration during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One enzyme, designated D10A, hydrolyzed both X-phos (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate) and para-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrates and had activity over a broad pH range of 7 to 11. The second enzyme, D10B, lacked activity against X-phos and had a narrow pH range of about 8 to 9. In addition, the D10B enzyme required calcium for activity. The levels of activity of both enzymes decreased for cells grown in media containing more than 100 (mu)M P(infi). These results not only demonstrate the existence of different enzymes from one Arthrobacter strain but also suggest ways in which other studies may have missed phosphatases with unknown requirements.