OBJECTIVE: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-related peptides prevented the learning deficit in the offspring in a model for fetal alcohol syndrome. We evaluated whether the mechanism of the peptide protection included NR2B, NR2A, and GABAAalpha5. STUDY DESIGN: Timed, pregnant C57BL6/J mice were injected on gestational day 8 with alcohol (0.03 mL/kg), placebo, or alcohol plus peptides. Embryos were harvested after 6 hours, 24 hours, and on gestational day 18. Some of the litters were allowed to deliver, and the adult brains harvested after the offspring were tested for learning. Calibrator-normalized relative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primers for NR2B, NR2A, and GABAAalpha5 with GAPDH standardization. Statistic: analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher PLSD, P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: In the embryo, the peptides prevented NR2B rise (P < .001) at 6 hours, NR2B down-regulation (P = .002), and GABAAalpha5 decrease (P < .01) on gestational day 18. In the adult, the peptides prevented NR2B down-regulation (P = .01) and NR2A up-regulation (P < .001). CONCLUSION: VIP-related peptides prevented alcohol-induced changes in NR2B, NR2A, and GABAAalpha5. This may explain, at least in part, the peptides' prevention of alcohol-induced learning deficits.
OBJECTIVE: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-related peptides prevented the learning deficit in the offspring in a model for fetal alcohol syndrome. We evaluated whether the mechanism of the peptide protection included NR2B, NR2A, and GABAAalpha5. STUDY DESIGN: Timed, pregnant C57BL6/J mice were injected on gestational day 8 with alcohol (0.03 mL/kg), placebo, or alcohol plus peptides. Embryos were harvested after 6 hours, 24 hours, and on gestational day 18. Some of the litters were allowed to deliver, and the adult brains harvested after the offspring were tested for learning. Calibrator-normalized relative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primers for NR2B, NR2A, and GABAAalpha5 with GAPDH standardization. Statistic: analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher PLSD, P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: In the embryo, the peptides prevented NR2B rise (P < .001) at 6 hours, NR2B down-regulation (P = .002), and GABAAalpha5 decrease (P < .01) on gestational day 18. In the adult, the peptides prevented NR2B down-regulation (P = .01) and NR2A up-regulation (P < .001). CONCLUSION:VIP-related peptides prevented alcohol-induced changes in NR2B, NR2A, and GABAAalpha5. This may explain, at least in part, the peptides' prevention of alcohol-induced learning deficits.
Authors: Laura Toso; Andrea Johnson; Stephanie Bissell; Robin Roberson; Daniel Abebe; Catherine Y Spong Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol Date: 2007-09 Impact factor: 8.661
Authors: Clark W Bird; Felicha T Candelaria-Cook; Christy M Magcalas; Suzy Davies; C Fernando Valenzuela; Daniel D Savage; Derek A Hamilton Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-03-06 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Morgan L Kleiber; Eric J Diehl; Benjamin I Laufer; Katarzyna Mantha; Aniruddho Chokroborty-Hoque; Bonnie Alberry; Shiva M Singh Journal: Front Genet Date: 2014-06-02 Impact factor: 4.599