Canada and global health research: 2005 update.

From a global perspective, large disparities persist between the focus of health research investments and the global burden of illness. Over the past four years, Canadian efforts to address these disparities have steadily increased. The objectives of this paper are to present these recent achievements and to highlight continuing challenges. We summarize the activities of two complementary Canadian initiatives, both aimed at increasing Canada's investment and involvement in global health research. They are the Global Health Research Initiative--a partnership involving four federal agencies; and the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research--a not-for-profit membership organization. Several achievements include: increased investment in global health research; increased knowledge production and use through "South-Canada" partnerships; stronger advocacy and increased awareness; enhanced capacity development; and improved coordination and communication. Based on these achievements, important current and future challenges are identified. They include: more coherent resource allocation; more focussed health research priorities; and the need to maintain and build momentum.