Metabolic syndrome: a marker of patients at high cardiovascular risk.

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is present in one of four adults, and its prevalence is markedly increased in obese adults and adolescents. The plasma concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, is elevated in obese patients, is correlated with the metabolic syndrome and decreases with weight loss. CRP is produced by mature adipocytes in adipose tissue, and may contribute to the elevated circulating plasma CRP concentrations present in obese patients and people with the metabolic syndrome. Treatment of the metabolic syndrome is aimed at improving insulin resistance through lifestyle changes, namely weight loss and regular physical activity. In patients with abnormal glucose concentrations, dyslipidemia or hypertension, treatment of the individual components of the syndrome may result in greater impact on reducing overall CVD risks. Given the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and the exaggerated CVD risks, innovative therapeutic approaches continue to evolve.