BACKGROUND: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after stroke can worsen ischemic injury by increasing edema and causing hemorrhage. We determined the effect of microglia on the BBB and its primary constituents, endothelial cells (ECs) and astrocytes, after ischemia using in vivo and in vitro models. METHODS AND RESULTS: Primary astrocytes, ECs, or cocultures were prepared with or without added microglia. Primary ECs were more resistant to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion than astrocytes. ECs plus astrocytes showed intermediate vulnerability. Microglia added to cocultures nearly doubled cell death. This increase was prevented by minocycline and apocynin. In vivo, minocycline reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits and markedly reduced BBB disruption and hemorrhage in mice after experimental stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of microglial activation may protect the brain after ischemic stroke by improving BBB viability and integrity. Microglial inhibitors may prove to be an important treatment adjunct to fibrinolysis.
BACKGROUND: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after stroke can worsen ischemic injury by increasing edema and causing hemorrhage. We determined the effect of microglia on the BBB and its primary constituents, endothelial cells (ECs) and astrocytes, after ischemia using in vivo and in vitro models. METHODS AND RESULTS: Primary astrocytes, ECs, or cocultures were prepared with or without added microglia. Primary ECs were more resistant to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion than astrocytes. ECs plus astrocytes showed intermediate vulnerability. Microglia added to cocultures nearly doubled cell death. This increase was prevented by minocycline and apocynin. In vivo, minocycline reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits and markedly reduced BBB disruption and hemorrhage in mice after experimental stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of microglial activation may protect the brain after ischemic stroke by improving BBB viability and integrity. Microglial inhibitors may prove to be an important treatment adjunct to fibrinolysis.
Authors: Jasenka Zubcevic; Monica M Santisteban; Teresa Pitts; David M Baekey; Pablo D Perez; Donald C Bolser; Marcelo Febo; Mohan K Raizada Journal: Hypertension Date: 2014-03-31 Impact factor: 10.190
Authors: Bharti Manwani; Fudong Liu; Victoria Scranton; Matthew D Hammond; Lauren H Sansing; Louise D McCullough Journal: Exp Neurol Date: 2013-08-29 Impact factor: 5.330
Authors: Charlotte D'Mello; Kiarash Riazi; Tai Le; Katarzyna M Stevens; Arthur Wang; Derek M McKay; Quentin J Pittman; Mark G Swain Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2013-09-11 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Paulo W Pires; Carla M Dams Ramos; Nusrat Matin; Anne M Dorrance Journal: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Date: 2013-04-12 Impact factor: 4.733