Ureteral injuries: external and iatrogenic.

Both iatrogenic and traumatic ureteral injuries are rare. However, a high index of suspicion is warranted for ureteral injuries because ureteral injuries are associated with increased morbidity. The urologist should be familiar with several methods for identifying ureteral injuries and should make evaluations tailored to the clinical situation. Most ureteral injuries are short transections and can be repaired with debridement and ureteroureterostomy in the proximal and mid-ureter or ureteroneocystostomy in the distal ureter.