Diabetes, insulin resistance, and HIV.

The transformation of HIV infection into a chronically managed illness through the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has brought with it comorbid conditions such as increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Diabetes and insulin resistance have emerged as important comorbidities associated with HIV infection and the use of antiretroviral therapy. Significant inroads have been made towards understanding the etiology of insulin resistance and diabetes in association with HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy, and there are also emerging data on the prevalence and incidence of this problem. The recognition and management of diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and related complications will be an important part of long-term health maintenance for HIV-infected patients.