Fluorescent measurement of [Ca2+]c: basic practical considerations.

During the last decade or so, the range of fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ has increased dramatically, so that there are now a host of probes available. Each may offer particular advantages depending on the design of the experiment and the fluorometric equipment available. Careful choice of the indicator is therefore central to achieve a successful outcome. The probe that is chosen will of course depend on the aims of the experiment, how the indicator will be introduced into the cell(s), and the excitation source and detection equipment that are available. I hope that this chapter will not only help investigators choose the most appropriate indicator but, in addition, give an insight into what can be achieved using fluorescent Ca2+ indicators.