Salivary glucose concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus--a minimally invasive technique for monitoring blood glucose levels.

Salivary and blood glucose concentrations were determined in non-diabetic healthy individuals and patients with diabetes mellitus (type II). Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c was also determined in some of the patients (n = 25) and a significant correlation (r = 0.82) was found between HbAlc and serum glucose concentrations in these patients, indicating that these patients had average elevated blood glucose concentration over an extended time period. Glucose was only found in the saliva of patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 135), while the salivary samples of age matched non-diabetic subjects (n = 25) did not show the presence of glucose. A significant correlation (r = 0.78) was found between salivary and blood concentrations in the diabetics. This finding suggests that saliva can be used reliably for reflecting and monitoring the blood glucose concentration in the patients of diabetes mellitus.