Vaccine efficacy of fusogenic liposomes containing tumor cell-lysate against murine B16BL6 melanoma.

Recent advances in tumor immunology have facilitated the development of cancer immunotherapy targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). However, because TAAs were identified in only a few types of human cancer, novel vaccine strategies that utilize tumor cell-lysate (TCL), including unidentified TAAs as an antigen source, are needed. Herein, we describe the utility of fusogenic liposomes (FLs) as TCL-delivery carriers for both ex vivo dendritic cell-based vaccination and in vivo direct immunization in the murine B16BL6 melanoma model. As a result, both in vivo direct immunization and ex vivo immunization induced anti-B16 melanoma prophylactic effects. Ex vivo dendritic cell (DC)-mediated vaccination strategy exert more potent anti-tumor effect than direct immunization. Our results suggest that this flexible system is a promising approach for the development of versatile cancer immunotherapy regimes.