OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability and morbidity of dynamic sentinel node biopsy compared with radical inguinal lymphadenectomy (RIL) in the treatment of selected patients with squamous cell penile carcinoma. METHODS: We retrospectively considered patients with clinically node-negative Stage pT2-pT3 penile cancer. From 1994 to 2000, 48 patients (group 1, mean age 63 years) underwent penectomy and, after 4 weeks, prophylactic bilateral RIL. From 2001 to 2004, 22 patients (group 2, mean age 67 years) underwent penectomy and dynamic sentinel node biopsy. After 4 weeks, bilateral RIL was performed. RESULTS: In group 1, nodal disease was found in 39.6% of the patients. Early complications occurred in 21 patients (47.5%), with the most common being seroma formation. Late complications occurred in 18 patients (37.5%), with the most common being leg edema. In group 2, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy revealed no sentinel nodes in 1 patient, unilateral sentinel nodes in 7, and bilateral nodes in 14. A total of 35 sentinel nodes were seen in 42 inguinal regions (mean 0.83), including 27 (77.2%) identified with the probe and blue dye and 8 (22.8%) located with the probe only. Metastases were noted in 8 (36.4%) of 22 patients, bilaterally in 4 of them. Early minor complications occurred in 3 patients (13.6%). The technique had an 89% negative predictive value and 90% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have shown that dynamic sentinel node biopsy is a minimally invasive technique that is easy to perform, with similar results to those of RIL, but lower morbidity. This procedure offers the possibility of less-extensive surgery for clinically node-negative penile carcinoma.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability and morbidity of dynamic sentinel node biopsy compared with radical inguinal lymphadenectomy (RIL) in the treatment of selected patients with squamous cell penile carcinoma. METHODS: We retrospectively considered patients with clinically node-negative Stage pT2-pT3 penile cancer. From 1994 to 2000, 48 patients (group 1, mean age 63 years) underwent penectomy and, after 4 weeks, prophylactic bilateral RIL. From 2001 to 2004, 22 patients (group 2, mean age 67 years) underwent penectomy and dynamic sentinel node biopsy. After 4 weeks, bilateral RIL was performed. RESULTS: In group 1, nodal disease was found in 39.6% of the patients. Early complications occurred in 21 patients (47.5%), with the most common being seroma formation. Late complications occurred in 18 patients (37.5%), with the most common being leg edema. In group 2, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy revealed no sentinel nodes in 1 patient, unilateral sentinel nodes in 7, and bilateral nodes in 14. A total of 35 sentinel nodes were seen in 42 inguinal regions (mean 0.83), including 27 (77.2%) identified with the probe and blue dye and 8 (22.8%) located with the probe only. Metastases were noted in 8 (36.4%) of 22 patients, bilaterally in 4 of them. Early minor complications occurred in 3 patients (13.6%). The technique had an 89% negative predictive value and 90% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have shown that dynamic sentinel node biopsy is a minimally invasive technique that is easy to perform, with similar results to those of RIL, but lower morbidity. This procedure offers the possibility of less-extensive surgery for clinically node-negative penile carcinoma.
Authors: Stephen P Povoski; Ryan L Neff; Cathy M Mojzisik; David M O'Malley; George H Hinkle; Nathan C Hall; Douglas A Murrey; Michael V Knopp; Edward W Martin Journal: World J Surg Oncol Date: 2009-01-27 Impact factor: 2.754