BACKGROUND: Two variants of the CXCR3 receptor exist, one (CXCR3-A) reactive with CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 and the other (CXCR3-B) also reactive with CXCL4. Both variants are contemporarily expressed by human T cells. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the in vitro effects of CXCL10 and CXCL4 on the production of TH1 or TH2 cytokines. METHODS: The cytokine profile of antigen-specific human CD4+ T-cell lines obtained in the absence or presence of CXCL10 or CXCL4 was evaluated by means of quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA. RESULTS: CXCL10 upregulated IFN-gamma and downregulated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production, whereas CXCL4 downregulated IFN-gamma and upregulated TH2 cytokines. Similar effects were also observed on polyclonally activated pure naive CD4+ T cells. The opposite effects of CXCL10 and CXCL4 on TH1 and TH2 cytokine production were inhibited by an anti-CXCR3 antibody able to neutralize both CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B and were apparently related to the activation of distinct signal transduction pathways. Moreover, CXCL10 upregulated mRNA levels of T-box expressed in T cells and downregulated GATA-3 expression, whereas CXCL4 downregulated T-box expressed in T cells and upregulated GATA-3. Finally, CXCL4, but not CXCL10, induced direct activation of IL-5 and IL-13 promoters. CONCLUSION: CXCL10 and CXCL4 exert opposite effects on the production of human TH1 and TH2 cytokines, likely through their respective interaction with CXCR3-A or CXCR3-B and the consequent activation of different signal transduction pathways. This might represent an internal regulatory pathway of TH cell responses and might contribute to the modulation of chronic inflammatory reactions, including allergy.
BACKGROUND: Two variants of the CXCR3 receptor exist, one (CXCR3-A) reactive with CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 and the other (CXCR3-B) also reactive with CXCL4. Both variants are contemporarily expressed by human T cells. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the in vitro effects of CXCL10 and CXCL4 on the production of TH1 or TH2 cytokines. METHODS: The cytokine profile of antigen-specific humanCD4+ T-cell lines obtained in the absence or presence of CXCL10 or CXCL4 was evaluated by means of quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA. RESULTS:CXCL10 upregulated IFN-gamma and downregulated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production, whereas CXCL4 downregulated IFN-gamma and upregulated TH2 cytokines. Similar effects were also observed on polyclonally activated pure naive CD4+ T cells. The opposite effects of CXCL10 and CXCL4 on TH1 and TH2 cytokine production were inhibited by an anti-CXCR3 antibody able to neutralize both CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B and were apparently related to the activation of distinct signal transduction pathways. Moreover, CXCL10 upregulated mRNA levels of T-box expressed in T cells and downregulated GATA-3 expression, whereas CXCL4 downregulated T-box expressed in T cells and upregulated GATA-3. Finally, CXCL4, but not CXCL10, induced direct activation of IL-5 and IL-13 promoters. CONCLUSION:CXCL10 and CXCL4 exert opposite effects on the production of humanTH1 and TH2 cytokines, likely through their respective interaction with CXCR3-A or CXCR3-B and the consequent activation of different signal transduction pathways. This might represent an internal regulatory pathway of TH cell responses and might contribute to the modulation of chronic inflammatory reactions, including allergy.
Authors: Wanshu Ma; Hyea Jin Gil; Noelia Escobedo; Alberto Benito-Martín; Pilar Ximénez-Embún; Javier Muñoz; Héctor Peinado; Stanley G Rockson; Guillermo Oliver Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2020-07-09
Authors: Lenny van Bon; Alsya J Affandi; Jasper Broen; Romy B Christmann; Renoud J Marijnissen; Lukasz Stawski; Giuseppina A Farina; Giuseppina Stifano; Allison L Mathes; Marta Cossu; Michael York; Cindy Collins; Mark Wenink; Richard Huijbens; Roger Hesselstrand; Tore Saxne; Mike DiMarzio; Dirk Wuttge; Sandeep K Agarwal; John D Reveille; Shervin Assassi; Maureen Mayes; Yanhui Deng; Joost P H Drenth; Jacqueline de Graaf; Martin den Heijer; Cees G M Kallenberg; Marc Bijl; Arnoud Loof; Wim B van den Berg; Leo A B Joosten; Vanessa Smith; Filip de Keyser; Rafaella Scorza; Claudio Lunardi; Piet L C M van Riel; Madelon Vonk; Waander van Heerde; Stephan Meller; Bernhard Homey; Lorenzo Beretta; Mark Roest; Maria Trojanowska; Robert Lafyatis; Timothy R D J Radstake Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2013-12-18 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Dipak Datta; Alan G Contreras; Martin Grimm; Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser; David M Briscoe; Soumitro Pal Journal: J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2008-10-02 Impact factor: 10.121