OBJECTIVE: Dysregulation of myocardial metalloproteinases (MMPs) is now regarded as an early contributory mechanism for the initiation and progression of heart failure. Doxorubicin is a strongly cardiotoxic anticancer drug. This study investigates the effects of doxorubicin on myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation. METHODS: After pre-treatment with or without carvedilol or dexrazoxane, we exposed H9c2 cardiomyocytes to doxorubicin to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activation. To investigate the signaling pathways leading to doxorubicin-induced MMP activation, we also examined the phosphorylation of three members of the MAPK family (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), the effects of selective inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK on MMP transcription and activity, the transcription of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit Nox1, and the effects of the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI on MMP activation. RESULTS: Doxorubicin induces a significant increase in ROS formation and a rapid increase of MMP expression and activation. Pre-treatment with carvedilol or dexrazoxane prevented these effects. We also found that p38 is the MAPK that is mainly responsible for MMP-9 activation through an NAD(P)H-independent mechanism. ERK and JNK modulate the transcription of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit Nox1, while the JNK/ERK NAD(P)H oxidase cascade is an important pathway that mediates doxorubicin signaling to MMP-2. Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase attenuates the increase in MMP-2, but augments the doxorubicin-induced increase in MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancement of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cardiac myocytes in response to doxorubicin is mediated by the cooperation of ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase pathways, most of which are redox dependent.
OBJECTIVE: Dysregulation of myocardial metalloproteinases (MMPs) is now regarded as an early contributory mechanism for the initiation and progression of heart failure. Doxorubicin is a strongly cardiotoxic anticancer drug. This study investigates the effects of doxorubicin on myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation. METHODS: After pre-treatment with or without carvedilol or dexrazoxane, we exposed H9c2 cardiomyocytes to doxorubicin to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and activation. To investigate the signaling pathways leading to doxorubicin-induced MMP activation, we also examined the phosphorylation of three members of the MAPK family (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), the effects of selective inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK on MMP transcription and activity, the transcription of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit Nox1, and the effects of the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI on MMP activation. RESULTS:Doxorubicin induces a significant increase in ROS formation and a rapid increase of MMP expression and activation. Pre-treatment with carvedilol or dexrazoxane prevented these effects. We also found that p38 is the MAPK that is mainly responsible for MMP-9 activation through an NAD(P)H-independent mechanism. ERK and JNK modulate the transcription of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit Nox1, while the JNK/ERKNAD(P)H oxidase cascade is an important pathway that mediates doxorubicin signaling to MMP-2. Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase attenuates the increase in MMP-2, but augments the doxorubicin-induced increase in MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancement of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cardiac myocytes in response to doxorubicin is mediated by the cooperation of ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase pathways, most of which are redox dependent.
Authors: K N Kashkin; E A Musatkina; A V Komelkov; I A Favorskaya; E V Trushkin; V A Shleptsova; D A Sakharov; T V Vinogradova; E P Kopantzev; M V Zinovyeva; O V Kovaleva; I B Zborovskaya; A G Tonevitsky; E D Sverdlov Journal: Dokl Biochem Biophys Date: 2010 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 0.788