Ability of 13 chemical agents used in dental practice to induce sister-chromatid exchanges in Syrian hamster embryo cells.

To evaluate the genotoxic potential of 13 chemical agents used in dental practice, the abilities of these agents to induce sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were examined using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Statistically significant increases in the frequencies of SCEs were observed in SHE cells treated with all seven of the chemical agents used as endodontic medicaments: p-chlorophenol, m-cresol, formaldehyde, guaiacol, hydrogen peroxide, p-phenolsulfonic acid, and sodium hypochlorite (P < 0.01; Student t test). Assessment of two chemical agents that are applied to the oral mucosa as antiseptics showed that SCEs were induced by iodine (P < 0.01), but not by chlorhexidine. Of three chemical agents that are used as dyes for disclosing dental plaque, erythrosine B had no effect on SCE induction, while acid fuchsin and basic fuchsin increased the SCE frequencies in SHE cells (P < 0.01). Glutaraldehyde, which is used as a disinfectant for dental instruments and impressions, also induced SCEs (P < 0.01). Because SCE assays are used as a sensitive indicator for evaluating genetic toxicity of chemicals, the chemical agents that had a positive response in the present study are potentially genotoxic to mammalian cells.