OBJECTIVE: To perform a retrospective analysis of all HIV-1 non-B variants circulating in Spain from 1995 to 2003 and extend their virological characterization. METHODS: Samples from a total of 396 HIV-infected subjects with epidemiological suspicion of being infected with non-B clades were analysed during the study period. Subtyping was carried out on the protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and envelope (env) genes. RESULTS: PR sequences belonging to non-B subtypes were recognized in 43.2% of cases (23 A, 13C, 6D, 3F, 118 G, 3H, 4 J and 1 U). Subtype G and AG recombinants were the most frequent variants (69%), and were found most often in subjects from West and Central Africa. Up to 70% of pol (PR, RT) sequences belonging to subtype G harboured env sequences belonging to clade A (55%), B (13.8%) or K (3.4%). Nearly half were mosaic GA viruses, and a few were CRF 14 BG viruses. Up to 14 new recombinant viruses, which could not be assigned to previously described circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), were found. CONCLUSIONS: There is great diversity in the HIV-1 variants and recombinant viruses circulating in Spain. Non-B sequences may be underestimated if only the env region is examined in phylogenetic analyses. Drug resistance testing provides the advantage of pol subtyping, and its additional use for this purpose should be encouraged.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a retrospective analysis of all HIV-1 non-B variants circulating in Spain from 1995 to 2003 and extend their virological characterization. METHODS: Samples from a total of 396 HIV-infected subjects with epidemiological suspicion of being infected with non-B clades were analysed during the study period. Subtyping was carried out on the protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and envelope (env) genes. RESULTS: PR sequences belonging to non-B subtypes were recognized in 43.2% of cases (23 A, 13C, 6D, 3F, 118 G, 3H, 4 J and 1 U). Subtype G and AG recombinants were the most frequent variants (69%), and were found most often in subjects from West and Central Africa. Up to 70% of pol (PR, RT) sequences belonging to subtype G harboured env sequences belonging to clade A (55%), B (13.8%) or K (3.4%). Nearly half were mosaic GA viruses, and a few were CRF 14 BG viruses. Up to 14 new recombinant viruses, which could not be assigned to previously described circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), were found. CONCLUSIONS: There is great diversity in the HIV-1 variants and recombinant viruses circulating in Spain. Non-B sequences may be underestimated if only the env region is examined in phylogenetic analyses. Drug resistance testing provides the advantage of pol subtyping, and its additional use for this purpose should be encouraged.
Authors: Gonzalo Yebra; Miguel de Mulder; Leticia Martín; Carmen Rodríguez; Pablo Labarga; Isabel Viciana; Juan Berenguer; María Remedios Alemán; Juan Antonio Pineda; Federico García; Africa Holguín Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2011-12-07 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Beatriz de Felipe; Pilar Pérez-Romero; María Abad-Fernández; Felipe Fernandez-Cuenca; Francisco J Martinez-Fernandez; Mónica Trastoy; Rosario Del Carmen Mata; Luis F López-Cortés; Manuel Leal; Pompeyo Viciana; Alejandro Vallejo Journal: Virol J Date: 2011-08-26 Impact factor: 4.099
Authors: Dimitrios Paraskevis; Oliver Pybus; Gkikas Magiorkinis; Angelos Hatzakis; Annemarie Mj Wensing; David A van de Vijver; Jan Albert; Guiseppe Angarano; Birgitta Asjö; Claudia Balotta; Enzo Boeri; Ricardo Camacho; Marie-Laure Chaix; Suzie Coughlan; Dominique Costagliola; Andrea De Luca; Carmen de Mendoza; Inge Derdelinckx; Zehava Grossman; Osama Hamouda; Im Hoepelman; Andrzej Horban; Klaus Korn; Claudia Kücherer; Thomas Leitner; Clive Loveday; Eilidh Macrae; I Maljkovic-Berry; Laurence Meyer; Claus Nielsen; Eline Lm Op de Coul; Vidar Ormaasen; Luc Perrin; Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl; Lidia Ruiz; Mika O Salminen; Jean-Claude Schmit; Rob Schuurman; Vincent Soriano; J Stanczak; Maja Stanojevic; Daniel Struck; Kristel Van Laethem; M Violin; Sabine Yerly; Maurizio Zazzi; Charles A Boucher; Anne-Mieke Vandamme Journal: Retrovirology Date: 2009-05-20 Impact factor: 4.602