OBJECTIVES: Experimental models of carcinogenesis show that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis and reduce metastases. A linkage between the activity of prostaglandin synthase enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a known mediator of inflammation, and cancer angiogenesis is implicated. We investigated the expression of COX-2 in bladder cancer tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry. METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in bladder cancer was evaluated by scoring the intensity of immunoreactivity from 0 to 3. Further, the degree of COX-2 expression was correlated with the tumor grade and depth of invasion (T stage). RESULT: Fifty eight percent patients (n=22) had superficial bladder tumors, while 42% (n=16) were invasive bladder cancers. Overall, COX-2 immuno-positivity was seen in 84.2% (32/38) patients. COX-2 expression was positive in 76.4% (13/17) cases with pTa tumors, 100% (5/5) of pT1 tumors, 86.6% (13/15) of pT2 tumors and in 100% (1/1) of pT3 tumor. The higher stage tumors stained more intensely; this correlation was significant(p=0.01987; chi2=19.6977). With reference to the grade of tumors, a positive expression was seen in 81.25% (13/16) of the low-grade tumors and 89% (17/19) of the high-grade tumors. The differential COX-2 expression relative to the grade of tumor was found to be statistically significant (p=0.05; chi2=15.8612). CONCLUSION: The degree of COX-2 expression is significantly increased with advancing grade and T stage of disease (p < 0.05).
OBJECTIVES: Experimental models of carcinogenesis show that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis and reduce metastases. A linkage between the activity of prostaglandin synthase enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a known mediator of inflammation, and cancer angiogenesis is implicated. We investigated the expression of COX-2 in bladder cancer tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry. METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in bladder cancer was evaluated by scoring the intensity of immunoreactivity from 0 to 3. Further, the degree of COX-2 expression was correlated with the tumor grade and depth of invasion (T stage). RESULT: Fifty eight percent patients (n=22) had superficial bladder tumors, while 42% (n=16) were invasive bladder cancers. Overall, COX-2 immuno-positivity was seen in 84.2% (32/38) patients. COX-2 expression was positive in 76.4% (13/17) cases with pTa tumors, 100% (5/5) of pT1tumors, 86.6% (13/15) of pT2 tumors and in 100% (1/1) of pT3tumor. The higher stage tumors stained more intensely; this correlation was significant(p=0.01987; chi2=19.6977). With reference to the grade of tumors, a positive expression was seen in 81.25% (13/16) of the low-grade tumors and 89% (17/19) of the high-grade tumors. The differential COX-2 expression relative to the grade of tumor was found to be statistically significant (p=0.05; chi2=15.8612). CONCLUSION: The degree of COX-2 expression is significantly increased with advancing grade and T stage of disease (p < 0.05).
Authors: M Kömhoff; Y Guan; H W Shappell; L Davis; G Jack; Y Shyr; M O Koch; S B Shappell; M D Breyer Journal: Am J Pathol Date: 2000-07 Impact factor: 4.307
Authors: O N Tucker; A J Dannenberg; E K Yang; F Zhang; L Teng; J M Daly; R A Soslow; J L Masferrer; B M Woerner; A T Koki; T J Fahey Journal: Cancer Res Date: 1999-03-01 Impact factor: 12.701
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Authors: E Okajima; A Denda; S Ozono; M Takahama; H Akai; Y Sasaki; W Kitayama; K Wakabayashi; Y Konishi Journal: Cancer Res Date: 1998-07-15 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Venkateshwar Madka; Altaf Mohammed; Qian Li; Yuting Zhang; Jagan M R Patlolla; Laura Biddick; Stan Lightfoot; Xue-Ru Wu; Vernon Steele; Levy Kopelovich; Chinthalapally V Rao Journal: Cancer Prev Res (Phila) Date: 2014-05-02
Authors: Maria Cekanova; Md Jashim Uddin; Joseph W Bartges; Amanda Callens; Alfred M Legendre; Kusum Rathore; Laura Wright; Amanda Carter; Lawrence J Marnett Journal: Cancer Prev Res (Phila) Date: 2013-03-26