[Reviewed on wheat genome].

Research development of genetic mapping,physics mapping,genome sequencing and expressed sequence tags in wheat have been reviewed in this paper. RFLP genetic linkage map of wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from W7984 x Opata, was used to study QTL of 33 traits associated with water use efficiency. Compared with QTL map of 7 group homeologues chromosomes, the results were showed as follows: nearby the centromeric region of 1A and 1B chromosome, the gene cluster of controlling photosynthetic and root traits were located. The gene clusters of controlling water use efficiency per plant,root and plant height and growth rate were located on the 2 group chromosomes. The gene clusters of controlling root traits were located on the 6A an 6B chromosome, there was a big gene cluster mad up by 7 QTLs controlling water use efficiency of wheat leaf and per plant nearby the centromeric region of 6D chromosome. It showed that 6th homologous chromosomes play an important role in controlling water use efficiency in wheat.