Mechanics of the subtalar joint and its function during walking.

Knowledge of the location of the subtalar joint axis in individual patients would permit clinical assessment of the forces and moments that produce frontal-plane foot and ankle deformities. Biomechanical analysis of the subtalar joint is hindered, however, by the inaccessibility of the talus, which makes locating the joint axis difficult, and by the high degree of intersubject anatomic variation. This article discusses work done with cadaver specimens and using invasive methods in vivo that has enhanced our understanding of the mechanics of the subtalar joint and its function during gait. Also reviewed are investigations of the actions of muscles that cross the subtalar joint.