The anatomy of the calcaneus and surrounding structures.

Appreciation of the normal anatomy of the calcaneus is significant for various reasons. Restoration of normal anatomy has been of particular interest for fracture care. In addition, knowledge of surrounding structures is important when planning surgical approaches and vital when performing percutaneous procedures. Understanding of anatomic relationships allows discernment of the pathophysiology that is related to chronic conditions. The biomechanics of normal structures provides a theoretic basis for reconstruction and rehabilitation, and individual variations in calcaneal anatomy can be a predisposition for pathology.