BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to show the efficacy of ultrasound in facilitating the performance of a simulated cervical periradicular injection in cadavers. METHODS: A total of 40 ultrasound-guided examinations at 4 levels (C3 to C7) were performed on 4 embalmed cadavers. The cervical spinal nerves were located with ultrasound. First, the transverse process of each level was taken as a sonoanatomic landmark. The most lateral aspect of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra was then established as the reference point. Ipsilateral distances (A, B, C, and D) between this point and each one of the transverse processes of the cervical spine up to the third vertebra were then computed. Subsequently, coronal computed tomography (CT) scans were taken to verify these distances. In a second part, a spinal needle was advanced under ultrasound guidance to the spinal nerves C5 to C8 on both sides of one cadaver. The exact placement of the needle tips was checked by CT. RESULTS: The transverse processes were identified in all cadavers. In 5 attempts, a depiction of the spinal nerves was not possible. Ultrasound and CT provided the same mean measurements of 1.1 cm, 2.1 cm, 3.1 cm, and 4.1 cm for distances A, B, C, and D, respectively. All 8 needle tips were placed within 5 mm dorsal to the spinal nerve and less than 5 mm away from the posterior tubercle of each level's transverse process, as also verified by CT. CONCLUSIONS: This preclinical study suggests that ultrasound is a useful guiding tool for periradicular injections in the cervical spine.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to show the efficacy of ultrasound in facilitating the performance of a simulated cervical periradicular injection in cadavers. METHODS: A total of 40 ultrasound-guided examinations at 4 levels (C3 to C7) were performed on 4 embalmed cadavers. The cervical spinal nerves were located with ultrasound. First, the transverse process of each level was taken as a sonoanatomic landmark. The most lateral aspect of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra was then established as the reference point. Ipsilateral distances (A, B, C, and D) between this point and each one of the transverse processes of the cervical spine up to the third vertebra were then computed. Subsequently, coronal computed tomography (CT) scans were taken to verify these distances. In a second part, a spinal needle was advanced under ultrasound guidance to the spinal nerves C5 to C8 on both sides of one cadaver. The exact placement of the needle tips was checked by CT. RESULTS: The transverse processes were identified in all cadavers. In 5 attempts, a depiction of the spinal nerves was not possible. Ultrasound and CT provided the same mean measurements of 1.1 cm, 2.1 cm, 3.1 cm, and 4.1 cm for distances A, B, C, and D, respectively. All 8 needle tips were placed within 5 mm dorsal to the spinal nerve and less than 5 mm away from the posterior tubercle of each level's transverse process, as also verified by CT. CONCLUSIONS: This preclinical study suggests that ultrasound is a useful guiding tool for periradicular injections in the cervical spine.
Authors: Jochen Obernauer; Klaus Galiano; Hannes Gruber; Reto Bale; Alois Albert Obwegeser; Reinhold Schatzer; Alexander Loizides Journal: Eur Spine J Date: 2013-07-23 Impact factor: 3.134
Authors: Jin Hyuk Jang; Woo Yong Lee; Jong Woo Kim; Kyoung Rai Cho; Sang Hyun Nam; YongBum Park Journal: Pain Res Manag Date: 2020-06-13 Impact factor: 3.037