OBJECTIVES: Most current dietary guidelines encourage limiting relative fat intake to <30% of total daily energy, with saturated and trans fatty acids contributing no more than 10%. We examined whether total fat intake, saturated fat, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fat intake are independent risk factors for prospective all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study was set in the city of Malmö, southern Sweden. A total of 28,098 middle-aged individuals participated in the study 1991-1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects were categorized by quartiles of relative fat intake, with the first quartile used as a reference point in estimating multivariate relative risks (RR; 95% CI, Cox's regression model). Adjustments were made for confounding by age and various lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Women in the fourth quartile of total fat intake had a significantly higher RR of cancer mortality (RR 1.46; CI 1.04-2.04). A significant downwards trend was observed for cardiovascular mortality amongst men from the first to the fourth quartile (P=0.028). No deteriorating effects of high saturated fat intake were observed for either sex for any cause of death. Beneficial effects of a relatively high intake of unsaturated fats were not uniform. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of cancer mortality for women, individuals receiving more than 30% of their total daily energy from fat and more than 10% from saturated fat, did not have increased mortality. Current dietary guidelines concerning fat intake are thus generally not supported by our observational results.
OBJECTIVES: Most current dietary guidelines encourage limiting relative fat intake to <30% of total daily energy, with saturated and trans fatty acids contributing no more than 10%. We examined whether total fat intake, saturated fat, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fat intake are independent risk factors for prospective all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study was set in the city of Malmö, southern Sweden. A total of 28,098 middle-aged individuals participated in the study 1991-1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects were categorized by quartiles of relative fat intake, with the first quartile used as a reference point in estimating multivariate relative risks (RR; 95% CI, Cox's regression model). Adjustments were made for confounding by age and various lifestyle factors. RESULTS:Women in the fourth quartile of total fat intake had a significantly higher RR of cancer mortality (RR 1.46; CI 1.04-2.04). A significant downwards trend was observed for cardiovascular mortality amongst men from the first to the fourth quartile (P=0.028). No deteriorating effects of high saturated fat intake were observed for either sex for any cause of death. Beneficial effects of a relatively high intake of unsaturated fats were not uniform. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of cancer mortality for women, individuals receiving more than 30% of their total daily energy from fat and more than 10% from saturated fat, did not have increased mortality. Current dietary guidelines concerning fat intake are thus generally not supported by our observational results.
Authors: José Manuel Villalba; José Alberto López-Domínguez; Yana Chen; Husam Khraiwesh; José Antonio González-Reyes; Lucía Fernández Del Río; Elena Gutiérrez-Casado; Mercedes Del Río; Miguel Calvo-Rubio; Julia Ariza; Rafael de Cabo; Guillermo López-Lluch; Plácido Navas; Kevork Hagopian; María Isabel Burón; Jon Jay Ramsey Journal: Biogerontology Date: 2015-04-10 Impact factor: 4.277
Authors: H Guldbrand; B Dizdar; B Bunjaku; T Lindström; M Bachrach-Lindström; M Fredrikson; C J Ostgren; F H Nystrom Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2012-05-06 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Russell J de Souza; Andrew Mente; Adriana Maroleanu; Adrian I Cozma; Vanessa Ha; Teruko Kishibe; Elizabeth Uleryk; Patrick Budylowski; Holger Schünemann; Joseph Beyene; Sonia S Anand Journal: BMJ Date: 2015-08-11