Michael Bader1, Stephen A Keener, Renate Wrbitzky. 1. Department of Occupational Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany. bader.michael@mh-hannover.de
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The dermal absorption of the solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and its elimination in urine was investigated in an experimental study. METHODS: Seven volunteers were exposed to 1045 mg of liquid NMP under occlusive conditions for 2 h. Urine was collected before, during and up to 72 h after the exposure and analysed for NMP by GC/MS after liquid-liquid extraction. Additionally, the remaining NMP in the pads was determined to estimate the total dermal uptake. RESULTS: The concentration of NMP in urine increased rapidly after beginning of the exposure up to 1 h after the exposure was completed. A peak concentration of 1,836+/-863 microg/l was observed, the half-life in urine was 3.2 h. About 0.5% of the absorbed dose was excreted metabolically unchanged. An average dermal absorption of 5.5 mg cm(-2) h(-1) was calculated. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the percutaneous absorption of NMP may contribute significantly to the overall uptake of the solvent, e.g. in the workplace. Therefore, a biological monitoring of NMP exposed workers is essential for occupational-medical surveillance.
OBJECTIVES: The dermal absorption of the solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and its elimination in urine was investigated in an experimental study. METHODS: Seven volunteers were exposed to 1045 mg of liquid NMP under occlusive conditions for 2 h. Urine was collected before, during and up to 72 h after the exposure and analysed for NMP by GC/MS after liquid-liquid extraction. Additionally, the remaining NMP in the pads was determined to estimate the total dermal uptake. RESULTS: The concentration of NMP in urine increased rapidly after beginning of the exposure up to 1 h after the exposure was completed. A peak concentration of 1,836+/-863 microg/l was observed, the half-life in urine was 3.2 h. About 0.5% of the absorbed dose was excreted metabolically unchanged. An average dermal absorption of 5.5 mg cm(-2) h(-1) was calculated. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the percutaneous absorption of NMP may contribute significantly to the overall uptake of the solvent, e.g. in the workplace. Therefore, a biological monitoring of NMP exposed workers is essential for occupational-medical surveillance.
Authors: S Langworth; H Anundi; L Friis; G Johanson; M L Lind; E Söderman; B A Akesson Journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health Date: 2001-04 Impact factor: 3.015
Authors: H Anundi; S Langworth; G Johanson; M L Lind; B Akesson; L Friis; N Itkes; E Söderman; B A Jönsson; C Edling Journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health Date: 2000-11 Impact factor: 3.015
Authors: Michael Bader; Wolfgang Rosenberger; Thomas Rebe; Stephen A Keener; Thomas H Brock; Hans-Jürgen Hemmerling; Renate Wrbitzky Journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health Date: 2005-12-15 Impact factor: 3.015