Remote effects of highlights on gloss perception.

The perception of a glossy surface in a static monochromatic image can occur when a bright highlight is embedded in a compatible context of shading and a bounding contour. Some images naturally give rise to the impression that a surface has a uniform reflectance, characteristic of a shiny object, even though the highlight may only cover a small portion of the surface. Nonetheless, an observer's impression of gloss may be partial and nonuniform at image regions outside of a highlight. A rating scale and small probe points indicating image locations were used to investigate the differential perception of gloss within a single object. Gloss ratings given by observers were not uniform across a surface, but decreased as a function of distance from a highlight. When, by design, the distance from a highlight was uncoupled from the luminance value at corresponding probe points, the decrease in rated gloss correlated more with distance than with luminance change. Experiments also indicated that gloss ratings may change as a function of estimated surface distance, rather than as a function of image distance. Surface continuity affected gloss ratings, suggesting that surface and gloss processing are closely related.