Synthesis of luminescent silicon nanopowders redispersible to various solvents.

Silicon nanopowder with a narrow size distribution was synthesized by a simple method, in which amorphous SiO(x) (x < 2) powder as starting material was annealed at high temperature and then etched by hydrofluoric acid (HF). Si nanoparticles thus obtained exhibited emission in the ultraviolet and visible regions under excitation at an energy corresponding to the direct band-gap transition. At the same time, they could be redispersed in various organic solvents such as octanol, toluene, etc., without surfactants or capping molecules on particle surfaces. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to follow the change of components in the sample during annealing and HF etching processes, and the size distribution and dispersion morphology of the nanoparticles in different solvents were revealed by transmission electron microscopy analysis.