Increasing the power of functional maps of the medial temporal lobe by using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping.

The functional magnetic resonance imagery responses of declarative memory tasks in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are examined by using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) to remove anatomical variations across subjects. LDDMM is used to map the structures of the MTL in multiple subjects into extrinsic atlas coordinates; these same diffeomorphic mappings are used to transfer the corresponding functional data activation to the same extrinsic coordinates. The statistical power in the averaged LDDMM mapped signals is significantly increased over conventional Talairach-Tournoux averaging. Activation patterns are highly localized within the MTL. Whereas the present demonstration has been aimed at enhancing alignment within the MTL, this technique is general and can be applied throughout the brain.