OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of socio-demographic characteristics and environmental factors on self-reported somatic and psychological symptoms among middle-aged Swedish women. METHODS: A total of 6917 women living in the Lund area of southern Sweden were participates of this study. They completed a generic questionnaire pertaining to socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and current health related problems. According to hormonal status, the participants were subdivided into three groups, i.e. premenopause, postmenopause and peri- or postmenopausal women with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). RESULTS: By using multiple logistic regression models, a high risk for somatic symptoms was independently associated with unemployment, no exercise, unmarried, high body weight and diseases affecting the cardiovascular system as well as a history of cancer. Psychological symptoms were independently associated with higher educational level, unemployment, no exercise, unmarried, heavy smoking habits (> or =15 cig/day), weight gain and a history of cancer. In addition, the background factors seemed to have less impact on symptoms among women who used HRT. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and concurrent health problems appear to have influences on the frequency and the number of somatic and psychological symptoms in middle-age women. Hormone replacement therapy seems to be able to counteract negative impacts caused by un-healthy lifestyle and other health problems.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of socio-demographic characteristics and environmental factors on self-reported somatic and psychological symptoms among middle-aged Swedish women. METHODS: A total of 6917 women living in the Lund area of southern Sweden were participates of this study. They completed a generic questionnaire pertaining to socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and current health related problems. According to hormonal status, the participants were subdivided into three groups, i.e. premenopause, postmenopause and peri- or postmenopausal women with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). RESULTS: By using multiple logistic regression models, a high risk for somatic symptoms was independently associated with unemployment, no exercise, unmarried, high body weight and diseases affecting the cardiovascular system as well as a history of cancer. Psychological symptoms were independently associated with higher educational level, unemployment, no exercise, unmarried, heavy smoking habits (> or =15 cig/day), weight gain and a history of cancer. In addition, the background factors seemed to have less impact on symptoms among women who used HRT. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and concurrent health problems appear to have influences on the frequency and the number of somatic and psychological symptoms in middle-age women. Hormone replacement therapy seems to be able to counteract negative impacts caused by un-healthy lifestyle and other health problems.
Authors: Christopher E Kline; Leah A Irish; Robert T Krafty; Barbara Sternfeld; Howard M Kravitz; Daniel J Buysse; Joyce T Bromberger; Sheila A Dugan; Martica H Hall Journal: Sleep Date: 2013-09-01 Impact factor: 5.849
Authors: Samantha F Butts; Ellen W Freeman; Mary D Sammel; Kaila Queen; Hui Lin; Timothy R Rebbeck Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2012-03-30 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Candyce H Kroenke; Bette J Caan; Marcia L Stefanick; Garnet Anderson; Robert Brzyski; Karen C Johnson; Erin LeBlanc; Cathy Lee; Andrea Z La Croix; Hannah Lui Park; Stacy T Sims; Mara Vitolins; Robert Wallace Journal: Menopause Date: 2012-09 Impact factor: 2.953