Growth factor receptors, lipid rafts and caveolae: an evolving story.

Growth factor receptors have been shown to be localized to lipid rafts and caveolae. Consistent with a role for these cholesterol-enriched membrane domains in growth factor receptor function, the binding and kinase activities of growth factor receptors are susceptible to regulation by changes in cholesterol content. Furthermore, knockouts of caveolin-1, the structural protein of caveolae, have confirmed that this protein, and by implication caveolae, modulate the ability of growth factor receptors to signal. This article reviews the findings pertinent to the relationship between growth factor receptors, lipid rafts and caveolae and presents a model for understanding the disparate observations regarding the role of membrane microdomains in the regulation of growth factor receptor function.