Radial GRASE: implementation and applications.

RAD-GRASE is an MRI sequence that combines radial (RAD) k-space scanning with the gradient and spin-echo (GRASE) technique. RAD-GRASE has the advantages of all radial data acquisition methods in that it can reduce motion sensitivity and correct motion-induced data errors, which can be exploited to achieve high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). One can obtain different types of image contrast, including DWI, T(1), T(2), and T(2)*, in RAD-GRASE by controlling the magnetization preparation and sequence timing. Moreover, because there is oversampling of the low spatial frequencies inherent to radial sequences, partial data reconstruction can be used to achieve multiple forms of image contrast from a single acquired data set, and to generate parametric image maps of equilibrium magnetization, T(2), and T(2) (dagger). The RAD-GRASE technique can also be used to achieve fat-suppressed and/or separated fat and water images by choosing the appropriate timing parameters.