Neural mechanisms of spatial working memory: contributions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been known to play an important role in working memory. Neurophysiological studies have revealed that delay period activity observed in the DLPFC is a neural correlate of the temporary storage mechanism for information and that this activity represents either retrospective or prospective information, although the majority represents retrospective information. However, the DLPFC is not the only brain area related to working memory. The analysis of neural activity in the thalamic mediodorsal (MD) nucleus reveals that the MD also participates in working memory. Although similar task-related activities were observed in the MD, the directional bias of these activities and the proportion of presaccadic activity are different between the MD and the DLPFC. These results indicate that, although the MD participates in working memory, the way it participates in this process is different between these two areas, in that the MD participates more in motor control aspects than the DLPFC does.