Complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures or hydrocephalus associated with vein of Galen malformations in childhood.

Twenty children with vein of Galen malformations and hydrocephalus required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Shunt placement was associated with a 70% incidence of complications that included status epilepticus in 3 patients, intraventricular hemorrhage in 7 patients, and subdural hematoma or hygroma in 5 patients. Based upon this experience, the authors recommend the use of preoperative prophylactic anticonvulsants and the placement of medium pressure frontal ventriculoperitoneal shunts. This report will address the overall experience with and the basis on which these therapeutic recommendations were made.