Activation of nasal cilia in immotile cilia syndrome.

Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from 5 normal subjects and from 7 patients with immotile cilia syndrome. Of the latter, 3 had Kartagener's syndrome, one had Kartagener's forme fruste, and 3 had bronchiectasis and sinusitis. An in vitro motility test was used to assess ciliary movement. Exogenous adenosine triphosphate and adenosine triphosphatase activated the immotile cilia to levels equal to or slightly greater than the spontaneous activity seen in normal subjects. Absence of dynein arms on ciliary peripheral microtubule doublets was a consistent finding in the patients' specimens and is suggested to be the basic defect in this syndrome that is responsible for immotility and absence of mucociliary clearance.