Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 release from IL-8-stimulated human neutrophils.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is present in the tertiary granules of neutrophils and can be released following stimulation. We examined the signaling mechanisms that regulate interleukin-8 (IL-8)-mediated MMP-9 release from neutrophils. IL-8 activates neutrophils by interacting with two receptors: CXC chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) and CXCR2. Blocking CXCR1 had no effect on IL-8-mediated MMP-9 release, whereas blocking CXCR2 significantly reduced MMP-9 release. We also found that stimulating CXCR2 alone was sufficient to induce MMP-9 release. This process was independent of changes in the intracellular calcium concentration. Src-family kinases and protein kinase C (PKC) were involved in two mutually exclusive pathways regulating IL-8-mediated MMP-9 release. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 blocked IL-8-mediated MMP-9 release; however, inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase had no effect on MMP-9 release. We found ERK1/2 was activated downstream of PKC, but not Src-family kinases, in this system. These data suggest that IL-8-induced MMP-9 release from neutrophils is mediated through CXCR2 and involves two distinct pathways, one involving PKC and ERK1/2 and the other involving Src-family kinases. Furthermore, our data show that the mechanisms that regulate MMP-9 release from tertiary granules are different from those that regulate primary granule release.