BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of injecting drug users are presenting to primary care and a growing number of general practices are specifically providing care for homeless people. Injecting drug users are at the greatest risk of hepatitis C infection and homeless drug misusers, because of their drug-taking behaviour and patterns, have been identified as being at greater risk of harm of blood-borne diseases than the general population. However, little work has been conducted with injecting drug users or homeless people who have hepatitis C and little is known about how the virus may affect them. AIM: To explore the impact of a positive hepatitis C diagnosis on homeless injecting drug users. DESIGN OF STUDY: This study employed qualitative research. In-depth interviews allowed the exploration of the impact of a potentially life-threatening diagnosis within the context of a person's expressed hierarchy of needs. SETTING: A primary care centre for homeless people in the north of England. METHOD: In-depth interviews about the impact of a positive hepatitis C diagnosis on their lives were conducted with 17 homeless injecting drug users who had received a positive hepatitis C diagnosis. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed using the framework approach. RESULTS: Receiving a positive diagnosis for hepatitis C resulted in feelings of shock, devastation, disbelief, anger, and questioning. A positive diagnosis had lasting social, emotional, psychological, behavioural, and physical effects on homeless injecting drug users, even years after the initial diagnosis. Most responders were diagnosed by a doctor in primary care or by hospital staff; however, not all had sought testing and a number were tested while inpatients and were unaware that blood had been taken for hepatitis C virus serology. CONCLUSIONS: The implications for clinical policy and primary care practice are discussed, including the issues of patient choice, confidentiality, and pre- and post-test discussions. Posttest discussions should be followed up with additional social, psychological, and medical support and counselling.
BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of injecting drug users are presenting to primary care and a growing number of general practices are specifically providing care for homeless people. Injecting drug users are at the greatest risk of hepatitis C infection and homeless drug misusers, because of their drug-taking behaviour and patterns, have been identified as being at greater risk of harm of blood-borne diseases than the general population. However, little work has been conducted with injecting drug users or homeless people who have hepatitis C and little is known about how the virus may affect them. AIM: To explore the impact of a positive hepatitis C diagnosis on homeless injecting drug users. DESIGN OF STUDY: This study employed qualitative research. In-depth interviews allowed the exploration of the impact of a potentially life-threatening diagnosis within the context of a person's expressed hierarchy of needs. SETTING: A primary care centre for homeless people in the north of England. METHOD: In-depth interviews about the impact of a positive hepatitis C diagnosis on their lives were conducted with 17 homeless injecting drug users who had received a positive hepatitis C diagnosis. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed using the framework approach. RESULTS: Receiving a positive diagnosis for hepatitis C resulted in feelings of shock, devastation, disbelief, anger, and questioning. A positive diagnosis had lasting social, emotional, psychological, behavioural, and physical effects on homeless injecting drug users, even years after the initial diagnosis. Most responders were diagnosed by a doctor in primary care or by hospital staff; however, not all had sought testing and a number were tested while inpatients and were unaware that blood had been taken for hepatitis C virus serology. CONCLUSIONS: The implications for clinical policy and primary care practice are discussed, including the issues of patient choice, confidentiality, and pre- and post-test discussions. Posttest discussions should be followed up with additional social, psychological, and medical support and counselling.
Authors: Daniel John Smyth; Duncan Webster; Lisa Barrett; Mark MacMillan; Lisa McKnight; Frank Schweiger Journal: Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol Date: 2014-11
Authors: Erik J Groessl; Kimberly R Weingart; Robert M Kaplan; Jack A Clark; Allen L Gifford; Samuel B Ho Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2008-09-20 Impact factor: 5.128
Authors: Marisol Peña-Orellana; Adriana Hernández-Viver; Glorimar Caraballo-Correa; Carmen E Albizu-García Journal: J Health Care Poor Underserved Date: 2011-08