New technologies and screening strategies for hepatotoxicity: use of in vitro models.

Hepatotoxicity remains a significant cause for drug failures during clinical trials. This is due, in part, to the idiosyncratic nature of toxicity in humans and inherent physiological differences between humans and preclinical species leading to limited correct prediction of adverse responses in humans. To address this issue, robust screening assays are being developed, which have heightened predictive capacity for human hepatotoxicity, and may be utilized throughout the discovery and development phases in conjunction with traditional in vivo methods, for decision making during drug selection and risk assessment. This manuscript describes an example application of in vitro-based strategies using human hepatocyte cultures in lead optimization screening in conjunction with ADME profiling, for evaluation of compound-associated CYP450 induction potential, and the identification of potentially useful biomarkers as predictors of hepatotoxicity for use in vitro, and in preclinical species and humans.