Treatment results of three consecutive German childhood AML trials: BFM-78, -83, and -87. AML-BFM-Group.

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) represents a heterogenous group of leukemias in adults as well as in children. The BFM group initiated 3 consecutive studies on the treatment of this disease. Between December 1978 and April 1991, 543 children under the age of 17 years entered the 3 consecutive multicenter studies, AML-BFM-78 (n = 151), AML-BFM-83 (n = 182), and the still ongoing study AML-BFM-87 (n = 210). The treatment strategy of BFM-78 consisted of an eight week induction/-consolidation regimen employing 7 different drugs together with cranial irradiation, followed by continuous maintenance for two years. The main alteration in the second study BFM-83 was the addition of an intensive 8-day ADE induction course (cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, etoposide). In the ongoing trial BFM-87 two courses of HD-ARA-C and etoposide are given after consolidation. CR rates were 80% in trials I and II, and 78% in trial III. The probability of a 4.5-year event-free survival was 35%, SD 4% in study I; 49%, SD 4% in study II, and 45%, SD 4% in study III. The probability of a 4.5-year event-free interval (EFI) was increased from 45%, SD 5% in study I to 61%, SD 4% in study II, it is in the same range in study III (58%, SD 5%). Seven of 10 children which underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 1. CR are still in first CR after a maximum follow-up time of 3.5 yrs. In summary, the addition of HD-ARA-C together with etoposide given after induction/consolidation treatment did not further reduce the incidence of relapses in childhood AML. So far, the results of study BFM-87 are in the same range than those of study BFM-83.