Polymorphisms in CD14, mannose-binding lectin, and Toll-like receptor-2 are associated with increased prevalence of infection in critically ill adults.

OBJECTIVE: To test for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the innate immunity receptors cluster of differentiation (CD)-14, mannose-binding lectin, and Toll-like receptor-2 with clinical phenotype in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
DESIGN: Genetic association study.
SETTING: Tertiary care mixed medical-surgery intensive care unit at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, a teaching hospital associated with the University of British Columbia. PATIENTS: A cohort of 252 critically ill Caucasians with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
INTERVENTIONS: DNA was extracted from discarded blood. Clinical data were gathered by retrospective chart review.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: C-159T CD14, the X/Y and B, C, and D polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin, and T-16933A Toll-like receptor-2 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We tested for association of genotype with prevalence of positive bacterial cultures, type of organism (Gram-positive, Gram-negative, other), sepsis and septic shock at admission to the intensive care unit, and 28-day survival. CD14 -159TT was associated with increased prevalence of positive bacterial cultures and with Gram-negative bacteria. Mannose-binding lectin haplotype pairs XO/O and O/O were also associated with increased prevalence of positive bacterial cultures but not with a specific organism class. Toll-like receptor-2 -16933AA was associated with increased prevalence of sepsis and with Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast, the polymorphisms were not associated with increased prevalence of septic shock or altered 28-day survival.
CONCLUSIONS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CD14, mannose-binding lectin, and Toll-like receptor-2 are associated with increased prevalence of positive bacterial cultures and sepsis but not with altered prevalence of septic shock or decreased 28-day survival. Furthermore, CD14 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with Gram-negative bacteria and Toll-like receptor-2 with Gram-positive bacteria, whereas mannose-binding lectin was not associated with a particular organism class. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphisms in innate immunity receptors may alter recognition and clearance of bacteria without changing outcomes of critically ill adults with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.