The effect of desflurane and isoflurane on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in humans with supratentorial mass lesions.

Desflurane, a new volatile anesthetic, produces cerebral vasodilation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 1 MAC desflurane with those of isoflurane on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in patients with supratentorial mass lesions and a mass effect on computerized tomography (CT scan). Twenty adult patients undergoing craniotomy for removal of supratentorial mass lesions were studied. Ten patients received desflurane and 10 patients received isoflurane. Prior to induction of anesthesia, a radial artery catheter was inserted and a 19-G needle was inserted into the lumbar subarachnoid space to measure CSFP. Baseline arterial blood gases and CSFP were measured with the patient awake and unmedicated. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental (6-9 mg/kg) and muscle relaxation achieved with vecuronium (0.2 mg/kg). The lungs of all patients were hyperventilated to achieve an arterial CO2 tension of 24-28 mmHg. Anesthesia was maintained with 1 MAC volatile anesthetic, either 7.0% desflurane or 1.2% isoflurane in an air:O2 mixture to maintain an inspired O2 fraction (FIO2) of 0.50. Patients were not administered any other anesthetic until the dura was incised. Mean arterial pressure was kept within 20% of the patient's mean ward values with the use of esmolol or phenylephrine. CSFP, mean arterial pressure, end-tidal CO2 concentration (PETCO2), hemoglobin O2 saturation, and cerebral perfusion pressure were recorded with the patient awake, immediately postinduction with thiopental, postintubation, after institution of the volatile anesthetic, and every 5 min until the dura was incised. There was no difference in the mean (+/- SD) awake CSFP between the desflurane (11 +/- 4 mmHg) and the isoflurane (10 +/- 2 mmHg) groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)