J R Hughes1, E H Adams, M A Franzon, M K Maguire, J Guary. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Psychology & Family Practice, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, Burlington, VT 05401-1419, USA. john.hughes@uvm.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of off-label use of, abuse of, and dependence on prescription nicotine inhaler. DESIGN: Prospective telephone and internet interviews for six months. PARTICIPANTS: 535 new inhaler users. MAIN OUTCOME: Structured interview about off-label use (that is, use of inhaler for non-cessation reasons or concurrent use of inhaler and cigarettes) and Diagnostic and statistical manual, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and International classification of diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) criteria for abuse and dependence RESULTS: Although many used inhaler and cigarettes concurrently at some time (43-55%), few used inhaler for non-cessation reasons (4-9%) and few persisted in off label use (8-16%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5% to 19%). No participant met ICD-10 criteria for harmful use/abuse (95% CI 0% to 3.3%). Eight subjects (1.4%) appeared to meet DSM-IV or ICD-10 criteria for dependence on inhaler, but none were found dependent in a clinical expert interview (95% CI 0% to 3.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Although transient concurrent use of inhaler and cigarettes often occurs, use for non-cessation reasons, abuse and dependence are rare.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of off-label use of, abuse of, and dependence on prescription nicotine inhaler. DESIGN: Prospective telephone and internet interviews for six months. PARTICIPANTS: 535 new inhaler users. MAIN OUTCOME: Structured interview about off-label use (that is, use of inhaler for non-cessation reasons or concurrent use of inhaler and cigarettes) and Diagnostic and statistical manual, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and International classification of diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) criteria for abuse and dependence RESULTS: Although many used inhaler and cigarettes concurrently at some time (43-55%), few used inhaler for non-cessation reasons (4-9%) and few persisted in off label use (8-16%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5% to 19%). No participant met ICD-10 criteria for harmful use/abuse (95% CI 0% to 3.3%). Eight subjects (1.4%) appeared to meet DSM-IV or ICD-10 criteria for dependence on inhaler, but none were found dependent in a clinical expert interview (95% CI 0% to 3.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Although transient concurrent use of inhaler and cigarettes often occurs, use for non-cessation reasons, abuse and dependence are rare.
Authors: David Hammond; Jessica L Reid; Pete Driezen; K Michael Cummings; Ron Borland; Geoffrey T Fong; Ann McNeill Journal: Addiction Date: 2008-10 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Matthew J Carpenter; Bianca F Jardin; Jessica L Burris; Amanda R Mathew; Robert A Schnoll; Nancy A Rigotti; K Michael Cummings Journal: Drugs Date: 2013-04 Impact factor: 9.546