BACKGROUND: In the United States, Blacks who smoke cigarettes have a higher mean blood concentration of the nicotine metabolite cotinine than White smokers. It has not been determined whether there are racial differences in the exposure to the cigarette smoke carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and in the detoxification of NNK metabolites. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey of 69 Black and 93 White smokers was conducted in lower Westchester County, New York. Information on smoking and lifestyle habits was collected and urinary concentrations of several tobacco smoke biomarkers were compared, including the NNK metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide (NNAL-Gluc). A frequency histogram and probit plot of NNAL-Gluc:NNAL ratios were constructed to determine slow and rapid glucuronidation phenotypes. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of total NNAL, urinary cotinine, plasma cotinine, and thiocyanate were significantly higher in Black men than in White men for each cigarette smoked. In women, the only biomarker that was significantly elevated in Blacks was plasma cotinine. A higher proportion of White versus Black women was categorized as "rapid" glucuronidators (two-tailed exact test, P = 0.03). In men, there were no significant differences in NNAL-Gluc:NNAL phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The higher rates of lung carcinoma in black men may be due in part to a higher level of exposure to tobacco smoke carcinogens. Copyright 2005 American Cancer Society.
BACKGROUND: In the United States, Blacks who smoke cigarettes have a higher mean blood concentration of the nicotine metabolite cotinine than White smokers. It has not been determined whether there are racial differences in the exposure to the cigarette smoke carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and in the detoxification of NNK metabolites. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey of 69 Black and 93 White smokers was conducted in lower Westchester County, New York. Information on smoking and lifestyle habits was collected and urinary concentrations of several tobacco smoke biomarkers were compared, including the NNK metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide (NNAL-Gluc). A frequency histogram and probit plot of NNAL-Gluc:NNAL ratios were constructed to determine slow and rapid glucuronidation phenotypes. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of total NNAL, urinary cotinine, plasma cotinine, and thiocyanate were significantly higher in Black men than in White men for each cigarette smoked. In women, the only biomarker that was significantly elevated in Blacks was plasma cotinine. A higher proportion of White versus Black women was categorized as "rapid" glucuronidators (two-tailed exact test, P = 0.03). In men, there were no significant differences in NNAL-Gluc:NNAL phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The higher rates of lung carcinoma in black men may be due in part to a higher level of exposure to tobacco smoke carcinogens. Copyright 2005 American Cancer Society.
Authors: David L Ashley; Richard J O'Connor; John T Bernert; Clifford H Watson; Gregory M Polzin; Ram B Jain; David Hammond; Dorothy K Hatsukami; Gary A Giovino; K Michael Cummings; Ann McNeill; Lion Shahab; Bill King; Geoffrey T Fong; Liqin Zhang; Yang Xia; Xizheng Yan; Joan M McCraw Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2010-05-25 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Wenlin Huang; Benjamin C Blount; Clifford H Watson; Christina Watson; David M Chambers Journal: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci Date: 2016-12-13 Impact factor: 3.205
Authors: Elisa K Tong; Pebbles Fagan; Leslie Cooper; Maria Canto; William Carroll; John Foster-Bey; James R Hébert; Maria Lopez-Class; Grace X Ma; Patricia Nez Henderson; Eliseo J Pérez-Stable; LorrieAnn Santos; Justin H Smith; Yin Tan; Janice Tsoh; Kenneth Chu Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2015-08 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Catherine A Wassenaar; David V Conti; Soma Das; Peixian Chen; Edwin H Cook; Mark J Ratain; Neal L Benowitz; Rachel F Tyndale Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2014-10-02 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Allshine Chen; Nicolle M Krebs; Junjia Zhu; Dongxiao Sun; Andrea Stennett; Joshua E Muscat Journal: J Womens Health (Larchmt) Date: 2017-09-05 Impact factor: 2.681
Authors: M K Ho; J C Mwenifumbo; N Al Koudsi; K S Okuyemi; J S Ahluwalia; N L Benowitz; R F Tyndale Journal: Clin Pharmacol Ther Date: 2009-03-11 Impact factor: 6.875