BACKGROUND: As adequate therapy for retinoblastoma in young children depends on infiltration of extra-retinal structures, diagnostic modalities play an essential role. METHODS: In this widely extended study, 80 children with retinoblastoma were studied with MRI (standard fat-suppressed Gd-enhanced T1, T2 thin-slice sequences (additionally with small loop surface coil), constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence covering the orbita). The images were analysed by two blinded neuroradiologists. Histology was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: MRI assumed infiltration of extra-retinal structures in 13 of 80 patients of which ten were confirmed by histology. Affected extra-retinal structures were: optic nerve (five, of which two were on CISS and three on T1 with higher image resolution using the surface coil), scleral infiltration (five, of which four on CISS and T1) and ciliary body infiltration (one on CISS and T1). Another 61 enucleated patients did not have any extra-retinal infiltration in histology. The CISS sequence with multiplanar reconstruction was mainly helpful in revealing exact three-dimensional tumour extension with excellent clinical acceptance and pre-surgical planning but T1 fat-suppressed Gd-enhanced images were superior in revealing exact tumour extension. CONCLUSION: CISS sequences allow to produce excellent anatomical images and to perform multiplanar reconstruction to better demonstrate tumour extension. However, T1-weighted sequences after contrast application are more sensitive (60 versus 40%) in detecting infiltration of the optic nerve but equal in detecting scleral infiltration.
BACKGROUND: As adequate therapy for retinoblastoma in young children depends on infiltration of extra-retinal structures, diagnostic modalities play an essential role. METHODS: In this widely extended study, 80 children with retinoblastoma were studied with MRI (standard fat-suppressed Gd-enhanced T1, T2 thin-slice sequences (additionally with small loop surface coil), constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence covering the orbita). The images were analysed by two blinded neuroradiologists. Histology was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: MRI assumed infiltration of extra-retinal structures in 13 of 80 patients of which ten were confirmed by histology. Affected extra-retinal structures were: optic nerve (five, of which two were on CISS and three on T1 with higher image resolution using the surface coil), scleral infiltration (five, of which four on CISS and T1) and ciliary body infiltration (one on CISS and T1). Another 61 enucleated patients did not have any extra-retinal infiltration in histology. The CISS sequence with multiplanar reconstruction was mainly helpful in revealing exact three-dimensional tumour extension with excellent clinical acceptance and pre-surgical planning but T1 fat-suppressed Gd-enhanced images were superior in revealing exact tumour extension. CONCLUSION: CISS sequences allow to produce excellent anatomical images and to perform multiplanar reconstruction to better demonstrate tumour extension. However, T1-weighted sequences after contrast application are more sensitive (60 versus 40%) in detecting infiltration of the optic nerve but equal in detecting scleral infiltration.
Authors: A O Schueler; N Hosten; N E Bechrakis; A J Lemke; P Foerster; R Felix; M H Foerster; N Bornfeld Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2003-03 Impact factor: 4.638
Authors: Arne-Jörn Lemke; Iris Kazi; Ulrike Mergner; Paul Ivan Foerster; Heinrich Heimann; Nikolaos Bechrakis; Andreas Schüler; Marie-Isabell Senfft von Pilsach; Michael Foerster; Roland Felix; Norbert Hosten Journal: Eur Radiol Date: 2006-04-25 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: Selma Sirin; Marc Schlamann; Klaus A Metz; Norbert Bornfeld; Bernd Schweiger; Markus Holdt; Petra Temming; Michael M Schuendeln; Sophia L Goericke Journal: Neuroradiology Date: 2015-06-04 Impact factor: 2.804
Authors: J M Theysohn; O Kraff; S Maderwald; P C Kokulinsky; M E Ladd; J Barkhausen; S C Ladd Journal: Skeletal Radiol Date: 2012-06-13 Impact factor: 2.199
Authors: Selma Sirin; Marc Schlamann; Klaus A Metz; Norbert Bornfeld; Bernd Schweiger; Markus Holdt; Michael M Schuendeln; Simone Lohbeck; Andrej Krasny; Sophia L Goericke Journal: Pediatr Radiol Date: 2013-01-13
Authors: Pim de Graaf; Sophia Göricke; Firazia Rodjan; Paolo Galluzzi; Philippe Maeder; Jonas A Castelijns; Hervé J Brisse Journal: Pediatr Radiol Date: 2011-08-18