The effect of atypical antipsychotic agents on prolactin levels in children and adolescents.

This report is a review of the available literature on the effect of atypical antipsychotic agents on prolactin in children and adolescents. Fourteen reports are reviewed. Most reports (79%) have included adolescents. Three reports (21%) consisted of children only, while 7 reports (50%) included only adolescents. A total of 4 reports (29%) included both children and adolescents. The total number of subjects listed in all the reports is 276, while only 49 of the individuals on atypical neuroleptics had prolactin elevations clearly identified as outside of the normal range. The details of the reports are provided by individual atypical antipsychotic agent. Clinical implications, such as the potential impact of hyperprolactinemia on bone density, osteoporosis, gynecomastia, galactorrhea, and weight gain, are presented. Discussion of pertinent medical differential and treatment options are also reported.