OBJECTIVE:Fexofenadine is a substrate of P-glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptides. The aim of this study was to compare the inhibitory effects of different transporting inhibitors on fexofenadine pharmacokinetics. METHODS:Twelve male volunteers took a single oral 120-mg dose offexofenadine. Thereafter three 6-day courses of either 240 mg verapamil, an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, 800 mg cimetidine, an inhibitor of organic cation transporters, or 2000 mg probenecid, an inhibitor of organic anion transporting polypeptides, were administered on a daily basis in a randomized fashion with the same dose of fexofenadine on day 6. Plasma and urine concentrations of fexofenadine were monitored up to 48 hours after dosing. RESULTS:Verapamil treatment significantly increased the peak plasma concentration by 2.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4- to 4.0-fold) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity [AUC(0-infinity)] of fexofenadine by 2.5-fold (95% CI, 2.0- to 3.3-fold). No changes in any plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of fexofenadine were found during cimetidine treatment. AUC(0-infinity) was slightly but significantly increased during probenecid treatment by 1.5-fold (95% CI, 1.1- to 2.4-fold). Renal clearance of fexofenadine was significantly decreased during cimetidine treatment to 61% (95% CI, 50%-98%) and during probenecid treatment to 27% (95% CI, 20%-58%) but not during verapamil treatment. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that verapamil increases fexofenadine exposure probably because of an increase in bioavailability through P-glycoprotein inhibition and that probenecid slightly increases the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of fexofenadine as a result of a pronounced reduction in renal clearance. However, it may be difficult to explain these interactions by simple inhibitory mechanisms on target transporters.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE:Fexofenadine is a substrate of P-glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptides. The aim of this study was to compare the inhibitory effects of different transporting inhibitors on fexofenadine pharmacokinetics. METHODS: Twelve male volunteers took a single oral 120-mg dose of fexofenadine. Thereafter three 6-day courses of either 240 mg verapamil, an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, 800 mg cimetidine, an inhibitor of organic cation transporters, or 2000 mg probenecid, an inhibitor of organic anion transporting polypeptides, were administered on a daily basis in a randomized fashion with the same dose of fexofenadine on day 6. Plasma and urine concentrations of fexofenadine were monitored up to 48 hours after dosing. RESULTS:Verapamil treatment significantly increased the peak plasma concentration by 2.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4- to 4.0-fold) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity [AUC(0-infinity)] of fexofenadine by 2.5-fold (95% CI, 2.0- to 3.3-fold). No changes in any plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of fexofenadine were found during cimetidine treatment. AUC(0-infinity) was slightly but significantly increased during probenecid treatment by 1.5-fold (95% CI, 1.1- to 2.4-fold). Renal clearance of fexofenadine was significantly decreased during cimetidine treatment to 61% (95% CI, 50%-98%) and during probenecid treatment to 27% (95% CI, 20%-58%) but not during verapamil treatment. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that verapamil increases fexofenadine exposure probably because of an increase in bioavailability through P-glycoprotein inhibition and that probenecid slightly increases the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of fexofenadine as a result of a pronounced reduction in renal clearance. However, it may be difficult to explain these interactions by simple inhibitory mechanisms on target transporters.
Authors: Kiyohiko Sugano; Manfred Kansy; Per Artursson; Alex Avdeef; Stefanie Bendels; Li Di; Gerhard F Ecker; Bernard Faller; Holger Fischer; Grégori Gerebtzoff; Hans Lennernaes; Frank Senner Journal: Nat Rev Drug Discov Date: 2010-08 Impact factor: 84.694
Authors: Jennifer E Hibma; Arik A Zur; Richard A Castro; Matthias B Wittwer; Ron J Keizer; Sook Wah Yee; Srijib Goswami; Sophie L Stocker; Xuexiang Zhang; Yong Huang; Claire M Brett; Radojka M Savic; Kathleen M Giacomini Journal: Clin Pharmacokinet Date: 2016-06 Impact factor: 6.447