SETTING: Smoking plays a major role in a variety of diseases. Despite a strong relationship between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease and lung cancer attract greater attention. OBJECTIVE: To assess the burden of illness produced by smoking. DESIGN: Smoking-attributable risk (SAR) and smoking-attributable disease burden (mortality, morbidity, and cost) were estimated for four conditions: COPD, coronary heart disease (CHD), lung cancer, and stroke. RESULTS: Smoking-attributable deaths worldwide were: 1772 580 COPD, 1277 000 CHD, 822 150 lung cancer, and 788 580 stroke. Smoking-attributable disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were: 47 232 000 COPD, 18 106 000 CHD, and 11 052 000 stroke. US smokingattributable costs were: dollar 26.0 billion CHD, dollar 24.9 billion COPD, and dollar 9.0 billion stroke. US smoking-attributable annual hospitalizations were: 520 000 COPD, 460 000 CHD, and 183 000 stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular disease and lung cancer rank high in absolute estimates of disease burden. However, COPD has a more substantial smoking-attributable disease burden. COPD deserves more attention in the health care sector. Smoking cessation programs, pharmacological interruption of the pathophysiology of smoking-related COPD, and effective management of COPD should be key targets of intervention and research.
SETTING: Smoking plays a major role in a variety of diseases. Despite a strong relationship between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease and lung cancer attract greater attention. OBJECTIVE: To assess the burden of illness produced by smoking. DESIGN: Smoking-attributable risk (SAR) and smoking-attributable disease burden (mortality, morbidity, and cost) were estimated for four conditions: COPD, coronary heart disease (CHD), lung cancer, and stroke. RESULTS: Smoking-attributable deaths worldwide were: 1772 580 COPD, 1277 000 CHD, 822 150 lung cancer, and 788 580 stroke. Smoking-attributable disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were: 47 232 000 COPD, 18 106 000 CHD, and 11 052 000 stroke. US smokingattributable costs were: dollar 26.0 billion CHD, dollar 24.9 billion COPD, and dollar 9.0 billion stroke. US smoking-attributable annual hospitalizations were: 520 000 COPD, 460 000 CHD, and 183 000 stroke. CONCLUSIONS:Cardiovascular disease and lung cancer rank high in absolute estimates of disease burden. However, COPD has a more substantial smoking-attributable disease burden. COPD deserves more attention in the health care sector. Smoking cessation programs, pharmacological interruption of the pathophysiology of smoking-related COPD, and effective management of COPD should be key targets of intervention and research.
Authors: G J Arason; J Kramer; B Blaskó; R Kolka; P Thorbjornsdottir; K Einarsdóttir; A Sigfúsdóttir; S T Sigurdarson; G Sigurdsson; Z Rónai; Z Prohászka; M Sasvári-Székely; S Bödvarsson; G Thorgeirsson; G Füst Journal: Clin Exp Immunol Date: 2007-04-11 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Ronald P Stolk; Judith G M Rosmalen; Dirkje S Postma; Rudolf A de Boer; Gerjan Navis; Joris P J Slaets; Johan Ormel; Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel Journal: Eur J Epidemiol Date: 2007-12-13 Impact factor: 8.082
Authors: Mohammad Kamrul Hasan; Theodore C Friedman; Carl Sims; Desean L Lee; Jorge Espinoza-Derout; Adaku Ume; Victor Chalfant; Martin L Lee; Indrani Sinha-Hikim; Kabirullah Lutfy; Yanjun Liu; Sushil K Mahata; Amiya P Sinha-Hikim Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2018-02-01 Impact factor: 4.736
Authors: Samantha M Reilly; Reema Goel; Neil Trushin; Ryan J Elias; Jonathan Foulds; Joshua Muscat; Jason Liao; John P Richie Journal: Food Chem Toxicol Date: 2017-05-18 Impact factor: 6.023