New acylated iridoid glucosides from Vitex altissima.

Six new iridoid glucosides, 6'-O-trans-feruloylnegundoside (1), 6'-O-trans-caffeoylnegundoside (2), 2'-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-6'-O-trans-caffeoylgardoside (3), 2'-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-6'-O-trans-caffeoyl-8-epiloganic acid (4), 2'-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl gardoside (5), and 2'-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-8-epiloganic acid (6), along with two known iridoids, agnuside and negundoside, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate extractive of the leaves of Vitex altissima. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data interpretation. These isolates did not exhibit significant 5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory activity, but compounds 2-4 showed potent antioxidant activity by both the superoxide (NBT riboflavin photoreduction) free-radical-scavenging and DPPH-radical-scavenging methods. Compounds 1, 2, and negundoside were evaluated in a rat paw edema assay.