AIMS: To compare the histomorphology of pelvic floor specimens of 94 female cadavers, ten male cadavers, and 24 female symptomatic patients who underwent pelvic floor surgery, and to evaluate the association of age, parity, and sex to myogenic and/or neurogenic changes to the levator ani muscle (LAM). METHODS: The pelvic floor was biopsied at the pubococcygeus, the iliococcygeus and the coccygeus muscle. After staining, signs for myogenic/neurogenic changes to the muscle were evaluated (fibrosis, variation in fiber diameter, centralization of nuclei, small angulated fibers, and type grouping). To identify the intact neuromuscular junction stainings with NCAM (neuronal cell adhesion molecule) and acetylcholinesterase (ACE) were used. RESULTS: A significant influence of age and parity on the histomorphological criteria of myogenic cell-damage was shown in this study. Although these criteria were found even in young nulliparous women, there was a significant increase in older or parous women with at least one vaginal delivery. We failed to demonstrate significant changes between the nulliparous LAM, the male LAM, and the LAM from women with prolapse and incontinence. None of the specimen showed any obvious evidence of neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: We have evaluated histological criteria adapted from the examination of limb muscles in the LAM of nulliparous young women. "Myogenic changes" seem to be a normal finding in the LAM. The increase of these changes with aging and parity points to mechanical stress to the LAM as the most plausible causative factor. We propose that further studies using histomorphological techniques of the pelvic floor muscle in nulliparous and parous women should clarify the potential role of our histological findings.
AIMS: To compare the histomorphology of pelvic floor specimens of 94 female cadavers, ten male cadavers, and 24 female symptomatic patients who underwent pelvic floor surgery, and to evaluate the association of age, parity, and sex to myogenic and/or neurogenic changes to the levator ani muscle (LAM). METHODS: The pelvic floor was biopsied at the pubococcygeus, the iliococcygeus and the coccygeus muscle. After staining, signs for myogenic/neurogenic changes to the muscle were evaluated (fibrosis, variation in fiber diameter, centralization of nuclei, small angulated fibers, and type grouping). To identify the intact neuromuscular junction stainings with NCAM (neuronal cell adhesion molecule) and acetylcholinesterase (ACE) were used. RESULTS: A significant influence of age and parity on the histomorphological criteria of myogenic cell-damage was shown in this study. Although these criteria were found even in young nulliparous women, there was a significant increase in older or parous women with at least one vaginal delivery. We failed to demonstrate significant changes between the nulliparous LAM, the male LAM, and the LAM from women with prolapse and incontinence. None of the specimen showed any obvious evidence of neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: We have evaluated histological criteria adapted from the examination of limb muscles in the LAM of nulliparous young women. "Myogenic changes" seem to be a normal finding in the LAM. The increase of these changes with aging and parity points to mechanical stress to the LAM as the most plausible causative factor. We propose that further studies using histomorphological techniques of the pelvic floor muscle in nulliparous and parous women should clarify the potential role of our histological findings.
Authors: Diaa E E Rizk; Mohamed A Fahim; Hazem A Hassan; Ahmed H Al-Marzouqi; Gaber A Ramadan; Soha S Al-Kedrah; Layla S Al-Ghafri Journal: Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct Date: 2007-01-05
Authors: Peter G Drewes; Hiromi Yanagisawa; Barry Starcher; Ian Hornstra; Katalin Csiszar; Spyridon I Marinis; Patrick Keller; R Ann Word Journal: Am J Pathol Date: 2007-02 Impact factor: 4.307
Authors: Diaa E E Rizk; Ahmed H Al-Marzouqi; Hazem A Hassan; Soha S Al-Kedrah; Mohamed A Fahim Journal: Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct Date: 2006-08-10
Authors: Marianna Alperin; Mark Cook; Lori J Tuttle; Mary C Esparza; Richard L Lieber Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol Date: 2016-03-05 Impact factor: 8.661
Authors: Margarita Martínez-Gómez; Mario I Romero-Ortega; Ana G Hernandez-Reynoso; Dora L Corona-Quintanilla; Kenia López-García; Ana A Horbovetz; Francisco Castelán; Philippe Zimmern Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-05-19 Impact factor: 4.379